These vessels were developed by fusing aspects of the cog of the North Sea and galley of the Mediterranean Sea. Other maritime European states quickly adopted it in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. The heavily armed carrack, first developed in Portugal for either trade or war in the Atlantic Ocean, was the precursor of the ship of the line. History Predecessors The carrack Henri Grace à Dieu, from the Anthony Roll Sovereign of the Seas, a contemporaneous engraving by J. The term 'ship of the line' has fallen into disuse except in historical contexts, after warships and naval tactics evolved and changed from the mid-19th century, at least in English (the Imperial German Navy called its battleships Linienschiffe until World War I ). The ironclad warship became the ancestor of the 20th-century battleship, whose very designation is itself a contraction of the phrase 'ship of the line of battle' or, more colloquially, 'battleship of the line'. However, the rise of the ironclad frigate, starting in 1859, made steam-assisted ships of the line obsolete. įrom the end of the 1840s, the introduction of steam power brought less dependence on the wind in battle and led to the construction of screw-driven wooden-hulled ships of the line a number of purely sail-powered ships were converted to this propulsion mechanism. Since these engagements were almost invariably won by the heaviest ships carrying more of the most powerful guns, the natural progression was to build sailing vessels that were the largest and most powerful of their time. In conflicts where opposing ships were both able to fire from their broadsides, the opponent with more cannons firing – and therefore more firepower – typically had an advantage.

The ship of the line was designed for the naval tactic known as the line of battle, which depended on the two columns of opposing warships maneuvering to volley fire with the cannons along their broadsides. A 1784 painting of French ship of the line Saint-Esprit by Nicholas Pocock Two fleets in their line of battle during the Battle of Cuddalore HMS Hercule as depicted in her fight against the frigate PoursuivanteĪ ship of the line was a type of naval warship constructed during the Age of Sail from the 17th century to the mid-19th century. For the Horatio Hornblower novel, see A Ship of the Line.

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